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C2  ·  26 words

Wind energy in Italian

A machine that stands out in the weather all its life.

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From these 26 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The sixteenth entry is la produzione annua di energia, and the adjective at the end of it is one an English reader cannot choose by ear, because we have a single word where Italian keeps two. « Annual » covers anything whatever to do with a year. Italian divides that ground in half. Annuo goes with a quantity reckoned over a year, which is exactly why this entry reads annua and not annuale: il reddito annuois the yearly incomeil tasso annuothe yearly rateil canone annuothe yearly chargela media annuathe yearly average Annuale goes with whatever lasts a year or comes round once a year: un abbonamento annuale, un corso annuale, un contratto annuale, una fiera annuale. The test takes a second — if the noun names a figure, the adjective is annuo; if it names an occasion or a stretch of time, it is annuale. The two forms are not sealed off from each other, and la produzione annuale would be read without difficulty; but it shifts the attention from the figure to the year, and this entry is about the figure.

The words

Noun (f) (18)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la pala del rotorethe rotor bladeNoun (f)C2
La pala del rotore arriva in un pezzo solo.The rotor blade arrives in one piece.
l’area spazzatathe swept areaNoun (f)C2
L’area spazzata cresce con il quadrato del raggio.The swept area grows with the square of the radius.
la regolazione del passothe pitch controlNoun (f)C2
La regolazione del passo protegge la macchina con vento forte.Pitch control protects the machine in strong wind.
la navicellathe nacelleNoun (f)C2
Nella navicella ci si arriva salendo dentro la torre.The nacelle is reached by climbing up inside the tower.
la trasmissione direttathe direct driveNoun (f)C2
La trasmissione diretta fa a meno del moltiplicatore.Direct drive does without the gearbox.
la torre tubolarethe tubular towerNoun (f)C2
La torre tubolare viene montata in più sezioni.The tubular tower is assembled in several sections.
la fondazione a tralicciothe jacket foundationNoun (f)C2
In acqua più profonda si usa una fondazione a traliccio.In deeper water a jacket foundation is used.
l’intensità di turbolenzathe turbulence intensityNoun (f)C2
L’intensità di turbolenza aumenta dietro un bosco.Turbulence intensity rises behind a wood.
la velocità di avviamentothe cut-in wind speedNoun (f)C2
Sotto la velocità di avviamento il rotore resta fermo.Below the cut-in wind speed the rotor stands still.
la velocità di arrestothe cut-out wind speedNoun (f)C2
Superata la velocità di arresto la macchina si ferma da sola.Above the cut-out wind speed the machine stops on its own.
la curva di potenzathe power curveNoun (f)C2
La curva di potenza viene verificata dopo il collaudo.The power curve is verified after commissioning.
la produzione annua di energiathe annual energy productionNoun (f)C2
La produzione annua di energia si stima prima di costruire.Annual energy production is estimated before building.
l’ispezione delle palethe blade inspectionNoun (f)C2
L’ispezione delle pale si fa con un drone.Blade inspection is done with a drone.
l’erosione del bordo d’attaccothe leading edge erosionNoun (f)C2
L’erosione del bordo d’attacco costa rendimento.Leading edge erosion costs efficiency.
la protezione dai fulminithe lightning protectionNoun (f)C2
La protezione dai fulmini porta la corrente giù per la pala.Lightning protection carries the current down through the blade.
l’ombra intermittentethe shadow flickerNoun (f)C2
L’ombra intermittente disturba le case a est.Shadow flicker disturbs the houses to the east.
la regola di connessione alla retethe grid connection ruleNoun (f)C2
La regola di connessione alla rete impone di restare attaccati durante un buco di tensione.The grid connection rule requires staying connected through a voltage dip.
la nave di installazionethe installation vesselNoun (f)C2
La nave di installazione si solleva su gambe di appoggio.The installation vessel lifts itself on support legs.

Noun (m) (8)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il sistema di imbardatathe yaw systemNoun (m)C2
Il sistema di imbardata gira la navicella verso il vento.The yaw system turns the nacelle towards the wind.
il monopalothe monopileNoun (m)C2
Il monopalo viene infisso nel fondale.The monopile is driven into the seabed.
l’impianto galleggiantethe floating turbineNoun (m)C2
L’impianto galleggiante è tenuto da ancore e catene.The floating turbine is held by anchors and chains.
l’effetto sciathe wake effectNoun (m)C2
L’effetto scia toglie vento alle macchine dietro.The wake effect takes wind away from the machines behind.
l’atlante eolicothe wind atlasNoun (m)C2
L’atlante eolico dà un primo orientamento sul sito.The wind atlas gives a first idea of the site.
il monitoraggio dello statothe condition monitoringNoun (m)C2
Il monitoraggio dello stato ascolta i cuscinetti.Condition monitoring listens to the bearings.
il fermo per i pipistrellithe bat curtailmentNoun (m)C2
Il fermo per i pipistrelli scatta nelle notti calde.Bat curtailment cuts in on warm nights.
il rinnovo dell’impiantothe repoweringNoun (m)C2
Il rinnovo dell’impianto sostituisce macchine piccole con poche grandi.Repowering replaces small machines with a few large ones.

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