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C2  ·  27 words

Nuclear technology in Italian

A reactor, its barriers, and what becomes of the rest.

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From these 27 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

More about this list

The sixteenth entry is il recipiente in pressione del reattore, and the noun in the middle of it is the one an English reader is likeliest to misread. Un recipiente in Italian is a container, a vessel, anything built to hold something else — the jar on a shelf, the tank under a boiler, the steel cylinder this entry names. Our « recipient » comes from the very same Latin present participle, recipiens, from recipere, to take in; but the two languages handed the word to opposite sides of that act. English gave it to the person at the receiving end, so that a recipient is whoever gets the letter, the transplant or the prize, and the sense of a container survives only in old books of chemistry. Italian gave it to the object and named the person elsewhere, with il destinatario for post and il beneficiario for money. So il recipiente in pressione is a pressure vessel and nothing more, and a sentence about un recipiente chiuso describes a closed container, not a discreet addressee.

The words

Noun (f) (10)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la reazione a catenathe chain reactionNoun (f)C2
La reazione a catena si mantiene da sola.The chain reaction sustains itself.
la criticitàthe criticalityNoun (f)C2
La criticità è raggiunta quando la reazione resta costante.Criticality is reached when the reaction stays constant.
la barra di controllothe control rodNoun (f)C2
La barra di controllo assorbe i neutroni in eccesso.The control rod absorbs the surplus neutrons.
l’asportazione del calore residuothe residual heat removalNoun (f)C2
L’asportazione del calore residuo richiede pompe e corrente.Residual heat removal needs pumps and power.
la difesa in profonditàthe defence in depthNoun (f)C2
La difesa in profondità mette più barriere una dietro l’altra.Defence in depth puts several barriers one behind the other.
la fusione del nocciolothe core meltdownNoun (f)C2
La fusione del nocciolo comincia quando manca il raffreddamento.The core meltdown begins when the cooling stops.
la piscina del combustibile esauritothe spent fuel poolNoun (f)C2
La piscina del combustibile esaurito va raffreddata a lungo.The spent fuel pool has to be cooled for a long time.
la vetrificazionethe vitrificationNoun (f)C2
La vetrificazione chiude i residui in un blocco di vetro.Vitrification shuts the residues into a block of glass.
la recuperabilitàthe retrievabilityNoun (f)C2
La recuperabilità tiene aperta una decisione futura.Retrievability keeps a later decision open.
le salvaguardiethe safeguardsNoun (f)C2
Le salvaguardie servono a dimostrare che nulla è sparito.Safeguards serve to show that nothing has disappeared.

Noun (m) (17)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il moderatorethe moderatorNoun (m)C2
Il moderatore rallenta i neutroni.The moderator slows the neutrons down.
l’elemento di combustibilethe fuel elementNoun (m)C2
L’elemento di combustibile resta nel nocciolo per anni.The fuel element stays in the core for years.
il grado di combustionethe burn-upNoun (m)C2
Il grado di combustione dice quanta energia è stata estratta.The burn-up says how much energy has been taken out.
l’arricchimentothe enrichmentNoun (m)C2
L’arricchimento avviene prima, in un impianto separato.Enrichment happens beforehand, in a separate plant.
il calore di decadimentothe decay heatNoun (m)C2
Il calore di decadimento continua anche a reattore spento.Decay heat carries on even with the reactor shut down.
lo spegnimento rapidothe rapid shutdownNoun (m)C2
Lo spegnimento rapido fa cadere le barre in pochi secondi.The rapid shutdown drops the rods within seconds.
l’edificio di contenimentothe containment buildingNoun (m)C2
L’edificio di contenimento è l’ultima barriera verso l’esterno.The containment building is the last barrier towards the outside.
il guasto di causa comunethe common cause failureNoun (m)C2
Un guasto di causa comune colpisce tutte le pompe insieme.A common cause failure hits all the pumps at once.
l’incidente di perdita di refrigerantethe loss of coolant accidentNoun (m)C2
L’incidente di perdita di refrigerante è lo scenario di riferimento.The loss of coolant accident is the reference scenario.
il recipiente in pressione del reattorethe reactor pressure vesselNoun (m)C2
Il recipiente in pressione del reattore non si sostituisce.The reactor pressure vessel is never replaced.
l’infragilimento da neutronithe neutron embrittlementNoun (m)C2
L’infragilimento da neutroni cresce con gli anni di irraggiamento.Neutron embrittlement grows with the years of irradiation.
il contenitore a seccothe dry caskNoun (m)C2
Dopo anni il combustibile passa in un contenitore a secco.After years the fuel moves into a dry cask.
il ritrattamentothe reprocessingNoun (m)C2
Il ritrattamento separa i materiali ancora utilizzabili.Reprocessing separates out the materials that can still be used.
il deposito geologico profondothe deep geological repositoryNoun (m)C2
Il deposito geologico profondo deve reggere per epoche.The deep geological repository has to hold for ages.
lo smantellamentothe dismantlingNoun (m)C2
Lo smantellamento dura più della costruzione.Dismantling takes longer than building did.
il livello di rilasciothe clearance levelNoun (m)C2
Sotto il livello di rilascio il materiale esce dal controllo.Below the clearance level the material leaves supervision.
il rateo di dosethe dose rateNoun (m)C2
Il rateo di dose viene misurato a ogni ingresso.The dose rate is measured at every entrance.

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