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A1  ·  30 words

Pronouns, questions and postpositions

I, you and they, my and your, who and where, and the small words that follow a noun.

Hindi has three words for “you”: तू for the very closest, तुम for friends and children, and आप for everyone else — when in doubt, आप. A possessive agrees with the thing owned, not with the owner: उसकी गाड़ी is his car or her car. Question words stand where the answer would stand, usually just before the verb. And where English puts “in”, “on” or “from” in front of a noun, Hindi puts में, पर or से after it.

The words

Pronoun (14)

मैंIPronounA1
मैं एक छात्र हूँ।I am a student.
तुमyou (familiar)PronounA1
तुम कहाँ रहते हो?Where do you live?

For friends, family and children; it takes हो.

आपyou (polite)PronounA1
आप क्या काम करते हैं?What do you do for a living?

Always takes the plural verb, even for one person.

वहhe; she; it; thatPronounA1
वह मेरी बहन है।She is my sister.

Pronounced and often written वो in speech.

यहthis; he; she; it (near)PronounA1
यह मेरा घर है।This is my house.
हमwePronounA1
हम कल आगरा जा रहे हैं।We are going to Agra tomorrow.
वेthey; thosePronounA1
वे लोग बहुत दूर से आए हैं।Those people have come from very far.
मेराmyPronounA1
मेरा फ़ोन कहाँ है?Where is my phone?

Agrees with the thing owned: मेरा भाई, मेरी बहन, मेरे दोस्त.

तुम्हाराyour (familiar)PronounA1
तुम्हारा घर बहुत सुंदर है।Your house is very beautiful.
आपकाyour (polite)PronounA1
आपका बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद।Thank you very much.
उसकाhis; her; itsPronounA1
उसकी गाड़ी नई है।His car is new.

Agrees with the thing owned, not the owner: उसकी गाड़ी is his car or her car.

हमाराourPronounA1
हमारी ट्रेन छूट गई।We missed our train.
उनकाtheir; his, her (respectful)PronounA1
उनके बच्चे बहुत प्यारे हैं।Their children are very sweet.
अपनाone's own (my own, your own …)PronounA1
मैं अपना काम ख़ुद करता हूँ।I do my own work myself.

Replaces मेरा, उसका and the rest when the owner is the subject of the same sentence.

Question word (8)

क्याwhat; (question marker)Question wordA1
आप क्या पी रहे हैं?What are you drinking?

At the start of a sentence it makes a yes-or-no question: क्या आप हिंदी बोलते हैं?

कौनwhoQuestion wordA1
दरवाज़े पर कौन है?Who is at the door?
कहाँwhereQuestion wordA1
बाथरूम कहाँ है?Where is the bathroom?
कबwhenQuestion wordA1
ट्रेन कब आएगी?When will the train come?
क्योंwhyQuestion wordA1
आप हिंदी क्यों सीख रहे हैं?Why are you learning Hindi?
कैसेhowQuestion wordA1
आप दफ़्तर कैसे जाते हैं?How do you get to the office?
कितनाhow much; how manyQuestion wordA1
चाय में कितनी चीनी डालूँ?How much sugar shall I put in the tea?

Agrees with the noun: कितना पानी, कितनी चीनी, कितने लोग.

कौन-साwhichQuestion wordA1
आपको कौन-सा रंग पसंद है?Which colour do you like?

Postposition (8)

मेंin; insidePostpositionA1
चाबी मेरे बैग में है।The key is in my bag.
परon; atPostpositionA1
चश्मा मेज़ पर रखा है।The glasses are on the table.
कोto; (marks the person or a definite object)PostpositionA1
मैंने राहुल को किताब दी।I gave Rahul the book.
सेfrom; with; sincePostpositionA1
मैं मुंबई से आया हूँ।I have come from Mumbai.
का's; ofPostpositionA1
यह राहुल का कमरा है।This is Rahul’s room.

Agrees with what follows: राहुल का कमरा, राहुल की किताब, राहुल के दोस्त.

तकuntil; up to; as far asPostpositionA1
मैं शाम तक घर पर रहूँगा।I will be at home until the evening.
के लिएforPostpositionA1
यह तोहफ़ा राहुल के लिए है।This present is for Rahul.
के साथwith; together withPostpositionA1
मैं अपने दोस्तों के साथ फ़िल्म देखने गया।I went to see a film with my friends.

This list belongs to Basic words: numbers, time, verbs — 15 lists and 535 words that can also be practised as a whole.

Practise this list

In rounds of 20 from these 30 words: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.