A1 · 40 Wörter
The first verbs
The verbs that turn up in every conversation — and the ones whose vowel changes when you talk about somebody else.
These are the verbs you cannot get through a day without, and a good third of them are strong: they change their stem vowel in the du and er forms, and again in the past. That is not bad luck. The most-used verbs in any language are the most irregular ones, because frequency is what protects an old form from being tidied away. English speakers get a real discount here. Kommen – kam – gekommen is come – came – come, trinken – trank – getrunken is drink – drank – drunk, sehen – sah – gesehen is see – saw – seen. The two languages inherited the same pattern, so the forms are worth looking at side by side rather than memorised cold.
Die Wörter
Verb (39)
machento do, to makeVerbA1
Weak and completely regular — the verb to fall back on.
gehento go, to walkVerbA1
gehen – ging – gegangen, with "sein". Also: "Wie geht es dir?"
sehento seeVerbA1
du siehst, er sieht; sehen – sah – gesehen.
gebento giveVerbA1
du gibst, er gibt; geben – gab – gegeben. Also in "es gibt", there is.
sagento sayVerbA1
Weak and regular.
lesento readVerbA1
du liest, er liest; lesen – las – gelesen.
schreibento writeVerbA1
schreiben – schrieb – geschrieben.
hörento hear, to listen toVerbA1
Weak. Takes an accusative: "Musik hören".
wissento know (a fact)VerbA1
Irregular in the singular: ich weiß, du weißt, er weiß. Used for facts; "kennen" is for people and places.
denkento thinkVerbA1
A mixed verb: denken – dachte – gedacht. Takes "an" plus the accusative.
glaubento believe, to thinkVerbA1
Weak. In everyday German it usually means "I reckon".
brauchento needVerbA1
Weak, and it takes an accusative.
habento haveVerbA1
du hast, er hat; hatte in the past. Also the auxiliary of the perfect.
werdento become; willVerbA1
du wirst, er wird; wurde, geworden. Three jobs: become, future auxiliary, passive auxiliary.
bleibento stay, to remainVerbA1
bleiben – blieb – geblieben, with "sein".
kaufento buyVerbA1
Weak. "einkaufen" is to do the shopping.
bezahlento payVerbA1
Inseparable prefix: no ge- in the participle.
helfento helpVerbA1
du hilfst, er hilft. Takes a dative, not an accusative: "jemandem helfen".
wartento waitVerbA1
Stem in -t, so: du wartest, er wartet. Takes "auf" plus the accusative.
fragento askVerbA1
Weak, and it takes an accusative — you ask somebody, not to somebody.
antwortento answerVerbA1
Takes a dative for the person. Stem in -t: du antwortest.
anfangento begin, to startVerbA1
Separable, and strong: du fängst an, er fängt an; angefangen.
aufhörento stop, to ceaseVerbA2
Separable and weak. Takes "mit" plus the dative.
schlafento sleepVerbA1
du schläfst, er schläft; schlafen – schlief – geschlafen.
aufstehento get upVerbA1
Separable, and it takes "sein": ich bin aufgestanden.
lernento learn, to studyVerbA1
Weak. "studieren" is to study at university.
spielento playVerbA1
bringento bring, to takeVerbA1
A mixed verb: bringen – brachte – gebracht.
mögento likeVerbA1
ich mag, du magst, er mag. "Ich möchte" is its subjunctive and means "I would like".
gefallento please, to be likedVerbA2
Turned round from English: the thing pleases the person, and the person is dative.
vergessento forgetVerbA1
du vergisst, er vergisst; inseparable, so no ge-.
verlierento loseVerbA2
verlieren – verlor – verloren.
öffnento openVerbA1
Stem in a cluster, so: du öffnest, er öffnet. In speech usually "aufmachen".
schließento close, to shutVerbA1
schließen – schloss – geschlossen. In speech usually "zumachen".
mitkommento come alongVerbA1
Separable, with "sein".
anrufento call, to phoneVerbA1
Separable, and it takes an accusative: jemanden anrufen.
treffento meetVerbA1
du triffst, er trifft; getroffen. Reflexive when two people meet each other.
benutzento useVerbA2
Inseparable, so no ge- in the participle.
versuchento tryVerbA2
Inseparable. Followed by an infinitive with "zu".
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