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C1  ·  41 words

Forest and timber in Italian

From the standing tree to the board — the stand, the felling and the drying.

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The seventeenth entry is la fruttificazione del faggio, four Italian words for the year in which the beeches drop their nuts in quantity. English does it in one syllable, and hardly anybody knows what the syllable is. « Beech mast » is the crop itself, « a mast year » is the year it happens, and « masting » is what the trees are doing. The word is not the pole on a ship. That is a separate English word which merely fell into the same shape, and the two have never had anything to do with each other. This one is Old English mæst, the acorns and beechnuts on which swine were fattened in the autumn woods, and its nearest living relative is not nautical at all: it is the German mästen, to fatten, which is why the German name for this very entry is Buchenmast. So English has the shorter word and the looser grip on it, while the Italian phrase says the thing outright — the beech is fruiting. Read fruttificazione as the plain description it is, and keep « mast » for the pigs it was made for.

The words

Adjective (3)

Grammar for these: Adjective agreement · Where the adjective stands

deciduodeciduousAdjectiveC1
La quercia è un albero deciduo.The oak is a deciduous tree.
sempreverdeevergreenAdjectiveC1
L’abete resta sempreverde per tutto l’inverno.The fir stays evergreen the whole winter through.
essiccato in fornokiln-driedAdjectiveC1
Il legno essiccato in forno lavora meno.Kiln-dried wood moves less.

Noun (f) (16)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la copertura delle chiomethe canopy coverNoun (f)C1
Sotto la copertura delle chiome arriva poca luce.Little light reaches the ground under the canopy cover.
la cortecciathe barkNoun (f)C1
La corteccia si stacca a placche.The bark comes away in plates.
la coniferathe coniferNoun (f)C1
La conifera cresce anche su terreno povero.The conifer grows even on poor ground.
la latifogliathe broadleaf treeNoun (f)C1
La latifoglia dà ombra più larga.The broadleaf tree gives a wider shade.
la pignathe pine coneNoun (f)C1
La pigna si apre quando è asciutta.The pine cone opens when it is dry.
la ghiandathe acornNoun (f)C1
La ghianda germoglia solo se resta coperta.The acorn sprouts only if it stays covered.
la fruttificazione del faggiothe beech mastNoun (f)C1
La fruttificazione del faggio non avviene ogni anno.The beech mast does not come every year.
la lettiera di fogliethe leaf litterNoun (f)C1
La lettiera di foglie tiene umido il terreno.The leaf litter keeps the ground damp.
la micorrizathe mycorrhizaNoun (f)C1
La micorriza collega le radici tra loro.The mycorrhiza links the roots to one another.
la capitozzaturathe pollardingNoun (f)C1
La capitozzatura tiene bassa la chioma.Pollarding keeps the crown low.
la rinnovazione naturalethe natural regenerationNoun (f)C1
La rinnovazione naturale costa meno di ogni impianto.Natural regeneration costs less than any planting.
la riforestazionethe reforestationNoun (f)C1
La riforestazione richiede anni di cure.Reforestation takes years of care.
l’autorizzazione al tagliothe felling permitNoun (f)C1
Senza autorizzazione al taglio non si abbatte nulla.Without a felling permit nothing is brought down.
la segheriathe sawmillNoun (f)C1
La segheria lavora anche il legno del vicino.The sawmill works the neighbour’s wood as well.
l’impiallacciaturathe veneerNoun (f)C1
L’impiallacciatura nasconde un legno più povero.The veneer hides a poorer wood underneath.
la stagionatura del legnothe air-drying of the woodNoun (f)C1
La stagionatura del legno dura tutta una stagione.The air-drying of the wood lasts a whole season.

Noun (m) (22)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il sottoboscothe undergrowthNoun (m)C1
Il sottobosco è fitto lungo il sentiero.The undergrowth is dense along the path.
il troncothe trunkNoun (m)C1
Il tronco è dritto per tutta la sua altezza.The trunk is straight for its whole height.
l’alburnothe sapwoodNoun (m)C1
L’alburno è più chiaro e più tenero.The sapwood is paler and softer.
il duramethe heartwoodNoun (m)C1
Il durame regge meglio all’aperto.The heartwood stands up better out of doors.
l’anello annualethe annual ringNoun (m)C1
Gli anelli annuali stretti raccontano anni asciutti.Narrow annual rings tell of dry years.
l’alberellothe saplingNoun (m)C1
L’alberello va protetto dai caprioli.The sapling has to be protected from the roe deer.
l’ago di pinothe pine needleNoun (m)C1
Gli aghi di pino coprono il terreno.Pine needles cover the ground.
l’amentothe catkinNoun (m)C1
L’amento pende dal ramo in primavera.The catkin hangs from the branch in spring.
il suolo forestalethe forest soilNoun (m)C1
Il suolo forestale si forma lentamente.Forest soil forms slowly.
il legno mortothe deadwoodNoun (m)C1
Il legno morto resta a terra apposta.The deadwood is left lying on purpose.
il ceduothe coppiceNoun (m)C1
Il ceduo si taglia a intervalli regolari.The coppice is cut at regular intervals.
il diradamentothe thinningNoun (m)C1
Il diradamento dà spazio agli alberi migliori.Thinning gives room to the better trees.
il taglio selettivothe single-tree selectionNoun (m)C1
Il taglio selettivo lascia il bosco in piedi.Single-tree selection leaves the wood standing.
il taglio rasothe clear-cutNoun (m)C1
Dopo il taglio raso il terreno resta scoperto.After the clear-cut the ground is left bare.
lo schianto da ventothe windthrowNoun (m)C1
Lo schianto da vento ha aperto un vuoto nel bosco.The windthrow has opened a gap in the wood.
il bosco mistothe mixed woodNoun (m)C1
Il bosco misto resiste meglio alle malattie.The mixed wood stands up better to disease.
il bosco vetustothe old-growth woodNoun (m)C1
Il bosco vetusto non è mai stato tagliato del tutto.The old-growth wood has never been cut right through.
il legname da costruzionethe construction timberNoun (m)C1
Il legname da costruzione viene misurato e marchiato.Construction timber is measured and marked.
il tavolonethe thick plankNoun (m)C1
Il tavolone è troppo spesso per questo tavolo.The thick plank is too heavy for this table.
il compensatothe plywoodNoun (m)C1
Il compensato non si piega in una sola direzione.Plywood does not bend in one direction only.
il nodo del legnothe knot in the woodNoun (m)C1
Il nodo del legno indebolisce la tavola.The knot in the wood weakens the board.
l’imbarcamentothe warpingNoun (m)C1
L’imbarcamento arriva quando il legno asciuga male.Warping comes when the wood dries badly.

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