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C1  ·  35 words

Beer and brewing in Italian

Mash, wort and maturation — and how a fault gives itself away on the tongue.

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From these 35 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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Tenth in the list stands le unità di amaro, the bitterness units, and the word amaro is worth following out of the brewery. As an adjective it does exactly what « bitter » does in English: una birra amara, un caffè amaro, un sapore amaro. But both languages have taken that adjective, made a noun of it, and arrived at two drinks that have nothing to do with each other. Un amaro, plural gli amari, is the dark herbal digestif poured at the end of a meal, and prendiamo un amaro closes a long lunch rather than ordering anything with hops in it. « A bitter » in English is a pale cask ale, and « a pint of bitter » asks for beer and nothing else. English then keeps a third helping in the plural: « bitters » is the concentrated aromatic flavouring that goes into a cocktail by the drop, which is the closest thing to the Italian noun and is still not it. Three drinks, one adjective — and on this list amaro is none of them. Here it is only the taste, counted in units.

The words

Phrase (2)

ad alta fermentazionetop-fermentingPhraseC1
Una birra ad alta fermentazione matura in fretta.A top-fermenting beer matures quickly.
a bassa fermentazionebottom-fermentingPhraseC1
Una birra a bassa fermentazione richiede più tempo.A bottom-fermenting beer needs more time.

Noun (m) (16)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il maltothe maltNoun (m)C1
Il malto viene macinato poco prima dell’uso.The malt is milled shortly before it is used.
l’impasto di maltothe mashNoun (m)C1
L’impasto di malto resta caldo per un’ora.The mash stays warm for an hour.
il tino di ammostamentothe mash tunNoun (m)C1
Il tino di ammostamento ha un fondo forato.The mash tun has a perforated floor.
il lavaggio delle trebbiethe sparging of the spent grainsNoun (m)C1
Il lavaggio delle trebbie recupera gli ultimi zuccheri.Sparging the spent grains recovers the last of the sugar.
il mostothe wortNoun (m)C1
Il mosto scorre limpido verso la caldaia.The wort runs clear towards the kettle.
il residuo torbidothe trubNoun (m)C1
Il residuo torbido resta sul fondo.The trub settles on the bottom.
l’inoculo del lievitothe pitching of the yeastNoun (m)C1
L’inoculo del lievito avviene a mosto freddo.The pitching of the yeast takes place when the wort is cold.
il fermentatorethe fermentation vesselNoun (m)C1
Il fermentatore va chiuso ma non sigillato.The fermentation vessel is closed but not sealed.
il grado di attenuazionethe degree of attenuationNoun (m)C1
Il grado di attenuazione dipende dal ceppo di lievito.The degree of attenuation depends on the yeast strain.
l’alcol in volumethe alcohol by volumeNoun (m)C1
L’alcol in volume si ricava dalle due densità.The alcohol by volume is worked out from the two gravities.
il raffreddamento rapidothe crash coolingNoun (m)C1
Il raffreddamento rapido fa cadere il lievito sul fondo.The crash cooling drops the yeast to the bottom.
l’affinamentothe conditioningNoun (m)C1
L’affinamento arrotonda gli spigoli.The conditioning takes the edges off.
il grado di carbonazionethe level of carbonationNoun (m)C1
Il grado di carbonazione cambia la percezione dell’amaro.The level of carbonation changes how bitter it tastes.
il fusto a rifermentazionethe caskNoun (m)C1
Il fusto a rifermentazione si serve con la pompa a mano.The cask is served with a hand pump.
il fusto a pressionethe kegNoun (m)C1
Il fusto a pressione si attacca all’impianto.The keg is connected to the dispensing system.
il difetto aromaticothe flavour faultNoun (m)C1
Un difetto aromatico si sente subito al naso.A flavour fault is caught at once on the nose.

Noun (f) (17)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la bollitura del mostothe boiling of the wortNoun (f)C1
La bollitura del mosto dura più di un’ora.The boiling of the wort lasts more than an hour.
la caldaia di cotturathe brew kettleNoun (f)C1
La caldaia di cottura è di rame.The brew kettle is made of copper.
la vasca a vorticethe whirlpool vesselNoun (f)C1
Nella vasca a vortice il torbido si raccoglie al centro.In the whirlpool vessel the trub gathers in the middle.
le unità di amarothe bitterness unitsNoun (f)C1
Le unità di amaro dicono poco sul gusto reale.The bitterness units say little about the real taste.
la luppolatura a freddothe dry hoppingNoun (f)C1
La luppolatura a freddo aggiunge profumo e non amaro.Dry hopping adds aroma and not bitterness.
la schiuma di fermentazionethe krausenNoun (f)C1
La schiuma di fermentazione sale nei primi giorni.The krausen rises in the first few days.
la densità inizialethe original gravityNoun (f)C1
La densità iniziale si misura prima del lievito.The original gravity is measured before the yeast goes in.
la densità finalethe final gravityNoun (f)C1
La densità finale dice quanto zucchero è rimasto.The final gravity tells you how much sugar is left.
la pausa per il diacetilethe diacetyl restNoun (f)C1
La pausa per il diacetile toglie il sapore di burro.The diacetyl rest takes away the buttery flavour.
la maturazione a freddothe cold maturationNoun (f)C1
La maturazione a freddo dura settimane.The cold maturation lasts weeks.
la rifermentazione in bottigliathe bottle conditioningNoun (f)C1
La rifermentazione in bottiglia lascia un velo sul fondo.Bottle conditioning leaves a veil on the bottom.
la tenuta della schiumathe head retentionNoun (f)C1
La tenuta della schiuma peggiora in un bicchiere unto.Head retention suffers in a greasy glass.
la limpidezza della birrathe clarity of the beerNoun (f)C1
La limpidezza della birra non dice nulla sul sapore.The clarity of the beer says nothing about the taste.
la birra alla spinathe draught beerNoun (f)C1
La birra alla spina ha meno gas.Draught beer has less gas in it.
la temperatura di cantinathe cellar temperatureNoun (f)C1
La temperatura di cantina resta stabile tutto l’anno.The cellar temperature stays steady all year round.
la stabilità nel tempothe shelf stabilityNoun (f)C1
La stabilità nel tempo dipende dall’ossigeno.Shelf stability depends on oxygen.
la sala cotturathe brewhouseNoun (f)C1
La sala cottura è il cuore del birrificio.The brewhouse is the heart of the brewery.

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