The words that join one sentence to the next in an argument, a speech or a report.
Korean joins clauses inside a sentence with endings, so the words here mostly stand at the start of the next sentence and tie it to the one before. Many are built from 그렇다, “to be so”, or 그러다, “to do so”: 그렇다면 “if that is so”, 그렇다고 “but that does not mean”, 그러고 보니 “now that I think of it”. A few belong to writing and speeches — 아울러, 예컨대, 요컨대 — and sound like a lecture in a chat. Each example is two sentences, because that is where these words live.
The words
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Adverb (11)
결국in the end; after allAdverb3
몇 번이나 망설이다가 결국 그 옷을 샀어요.After hesitating several times, I bought the clothes in the end.
이를테면for instance; so to speakAdverb4
저는 단순한 운동, 이를테면 걷기나 줄넘기를 좋아해요.I like simple exercise, for instance walking or skipping.
예컨대for exampleAdverb4
지역마다 특산물이 있습니다. 예컨대 이 지역은 녹차가 유명합니다.Every region has its own speciality. For example, this region is famous for green tea.
Written; in speech 예를 들면.
이처럼like this; in this wayAdverb4
이처럼 작은 습관이 인생을 바꿀 수 있어요.In this way, small habits can change your life.
Sums up what came before, typically near the end of a text.
끝으로lastly; finallyAdverb4
끝으로 오늘 와 주신 여러분께 감사드립니다.Lastly, I would like to thank all of you for coming today.
다음으로nextAdverb4
먼저 회사 소개를 하겠습니다. 다음으로 새 제품을 보여 드리겠습니다.First I will introduce the company. Next, I will show you the new product.
이어서following that; nextAdverb4
사장님의 인사말이 있겠습니다. 이어서 시상식을 진행하겠습니다.There will be a speech from the head of the company. After that, we will hold the awards ceremony.
아무튼anyway; at any rateAdverb3
아무튼 무사히 도착했으니 다행이에요.Anyway, it is a relief that you got here safely.
어쨌든in any case; whatever happensAdverb3
비가 오든 안 오든 어쨌든 내일은 출발해야 해요.Rain or no rain, we have to leave tomorrow in any case.
다만only; the only thing isAdverb4
이 방은 넓고 깨끗해요. 다만 창문이 좀 작아요.This room is big and clean. The only thing is, the window is a bit small.
반대로conversely; on the contraryAdverb4
저는 아침형 인간이에요. 반대로 남편은 밤에 일이 더 잘된대요.I am a morning person. My husband, by contrast, says he works better at night.
This list belongs to Thinking and arguing — six lists and 240 words that can also be practised as a whole.
Practise this list
Multiple choice and gaps, drawn from exactly these 40 words. Whatever you get wrong comes back tomorrow.