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C2  ·  30 words

Arms control in Italian

Treaties that can be checked, and treaties that never are.

Practise this list

From these 30 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

More about this list

The twelfth entry is il protocollo aggiuntivo, and the first of its two words reached the language of treaties by way of a workshop. It is Greek prōtokollon, built from prōtos, first, and kolla, glue: the sheet pasted to the front of a papyrus roll, carrying the note of when the roll was made and by whom. Whatever stood on that leaf authenticated everything behind it, and that is how a term for a piece of stationery came to mean an official record, then the minutes of a meeting, then a signed instrument attached to an agreement — which is precisely what il protocollo aggiuntivo is, a document glued, in effect, to the front of another. English carries the same kolla in two places where nobody hears it: « collagen » is the substance that yields glue when boiled, and a « colloid » is a mixture that behaves like one. So an inspection instrument and a pot of glue share a root, and the word says what the thing does: it is fixed to the treaty and cannot be read apart from it.

The words

Noun (m) (17)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il disarmodisarmamentNoun (m)C2
Il disarmo completo non è mai stato raggiunto.Complete disarmament has never been achieved.
i mezzi tecnici nazionalinational technical meansNoun (m)C2
I mezzi tecnici nazionali osservano dall’alto, senza entrare.National technical means observe from above, without going in.
i dati di riferimentothe baseline dataNoun (m)C2
Senza dati di riferimento nessuna riduzione si può misurare.Without baseline data no reduction can be measured.
il sistema vettorethe delivery systemNoun (m)C2
Il sistema vettore conta quanto la testata.The delivery system counts for as much as the warhead.
il materiale fissilefissile materialNoun (m)C2
Il materiale fissile si pesa fino al grammo.Fissile material is weighed down to the gram.
l’accordo di salvaguardiathe safeguards agreementNoun (m)C2
L’accordo di salvaguardia apre gli impianti agli ispettori.The safeguards agreement opens the plants to the inspectors.
il protocollo aggiuntivothe additional protocolNoun (m)C2
Il protocollo aggiuntivo amplia quello che si può vedere.The additional protocol widens what may be seen.
il certificato di destinazione finalethe end-use certificateNoun (m)C2
Il certificato di destinazione finale dice chi userà l’arma.The end-use certificate says who will use the weapon.
il regime sanzionatoriothe sanctions regimeNoun (m)C2
Il regime sanzionatorio si allenta a passi misurati.The sanctions regime is eased in measured steps.
l’impianto di distruzionethe destruction facilityNoun (m)C2
L’impianto di distruzione lavora sotto osservazione.The destruction facility works under observation.
lo sminamentomine clearanceNoun (m)C2
Lo sminamento continua per decenni dopo la guerra.Mine clearance goes on for decades after the war.
il regime pattiziothe treaty regimeNoun (m)C2
Il regime pattizio regge finché tutti restano dentro.The treaty regime holds as long as everybody stays inside.
il protocollo di verificathe verification protocolNoun (m)C2
Il protocollo di verifica dice chi entra e con quale strumento.The verification protocol says who goes in and with which instrument.
l’ispettorethe inspectorNoun (m)C2
L’ispettore firma quello che ha visto, non quello che pensa.The inspector signs what he has seen, not what he thinks.
l’accesso regolatomanaged accessNoun (m)C2
L’accesso regolato protegge i segreti che non c’entrano.Managed access protects the secrets that are beside the point.
il tempo di breakoutthe breakout timeNoun (m)C2
Il tempo di breakout si accorcia con ogni centrifuga in più.The breakout time shortens with every further centrifuge.
lo stato di sogliathe threshold stateNoun (m)C2
Lo stato di soglia potrebbe, ma non ha ancora.The threshold state could, but has not yet.

Noun (f) (13)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la verifica del trattatotreaty verificationNoun (f)C2
La verifica del trattato vale più di ogni promessa.Treaty verification is worth more than any promise.
l’ispezione su richiestathe challenge inspectionNoun (f)C2
L’ispezione su richiesta arriva senza lungo preavviso.The challenge inspection comes without long notice.
la dichiarazione inizialethe initial declarationNoun (f)C2
La dichiarazione iniziale elenca tutto quello che c’è.The initial declaration lists everything there is.
la misura di fiduciathe confidence-building measureNoun (f)C2
Una misura di fiducia costa poco e vale molto.A confidence-building measure costs little and is worth a great deal.
la linea direttathe hotlineNoun (f)C2
La linea diretta serve proprio nei momenti peggiori.The hotline is of use precisely in the worst moments.
la contabilità del materialematerial accountancyNoun (f)C2
La contabilità del materiale segue ogni grammo dichiarato.Material accountancy follows every gram declared.
la clausola di ritirothe withdrawal clauseNoun (f)C2
La clausola di ritiro chiede un preavviso scritto.The withdrawal clause calls for written notice.
la riduzione degli arsenalithe reduction of arsenalsNoun (f)C2
La riduzione degli arsenali procede più lenta di quanto scritto.The reduction of arsenals goes more slowly than written.
la sorveglianza a distanzaremote monitoringNoun (f)C2
La sorveglianza a distanza sostituisce una visita continua.Remote monitoring takes the place of a continuous visit.
la garanzia di sicurezzathe security guaranteeNoun (f)C2
La garanzia di sicurezza vale quanto chi la dà.The security guarantee is worth as much as the one who gives it.
la dottrina del primo impiegothe first-use doctrineNoun (f)C2
La dottrina del primo impiego si annuncia, non si nasconde.The first-use doctrine is announced, not hidden.
la misura di trasparenzathe transparency measureNoun (f)C2
Una misura di trasparenza non riduce nulla e cambia molto.A transparency measure reduces nothing and changes a great deal.
le forze convenzionaliconventional forcesNoun (f)C2
Le forze convenzionali si contano per carri e cannoni.Conventional forces are counted in tanks and guns.

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