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C2  ·  30 words

Air quality management in Italian

What is in the air, how it is measured and what helps against it.

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The twenty-sixth entry is il composto organico volatile, and the adjective that closes it leads a second life in Italian that « volatile » has never led in English. The shared ancestor is the Latin volatilis, able to fly, built on volare. English took the word for the chemistry alone, and then lent it to tempers and markets, so « a volatile compound » and « a volatile situation » are the whole of its range. Italian kept the flying. As an adjective volatile covers the same chemical sense and adds the idea of what is light and will not stay put. As a noun it is simply a bird: i volatili are winged creatures, and i volatili da cortile are the birds of a farmyard. Read the term with that in the ear and it stops being a label and becomes a description, a compound that takes flight from the tin without anybody heating it. The same flight is audible in svolazzare, to flutter about, and in il volo, the flight itself.

The words

Noun (m) (15)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il particolato ultrafineultrafine particulate matterNoun (m)C2
Il particolato ultrafine passa dai polmoni al sangue.Ultrafine particulate matter passes from the lungs into the blood.
l’ossido di azotothe nitrogen oxideNoun (m)C2
L’ossido di azoto nasce dove la combustione è più calda.Nitrogen oxide forms where combustion is hottest.
l’ozono troposfericoground-level ozoneNoun (m)C2
L’ozono troposferico aumenta nei pomeriggi d’estate.Ground-level ozone rises on summer afternoons.
il precursorethe precursorNoun (m)C2
Il precursore non è ancora l’inquinante che si respira.The precursor is not yet the pollutant that is breathed in.
l’inquinante secondariothe secondary pollutantNoun (m)C2
L’inquinante secondario si forma nell’aria, non al camino.The secondary pollutant forms in the air, not at the chimney.
il giorno di superamentothe exceedance dayNoun (m)C2
Ogni giorno di superamento viene contato a parte.Every exceedance day is counted separately.
lo strato di inversionethe inversion layerNoun (m)C2
Lo strato di inversione tiene l’aria ferma sopra la città.The inversion layer holds the air still above the city.
il modello di dispersionethe dispersion modelNoun (m)C2
Il modello di dispersione stima ciò che nessuna centralina misura.The dispersion model estimates what no monitoring station measures.
il post-trattamento dei gas di scaricothe exhaust after-treatmentNoun (m)C2
Il post-trattamento dei gas di scarico funziona solo a motore caldo.Exhaust after-treatment works only once the engine is warm.
il filtro antiparticolatothe particulate filterNoun (m)C2
Il filtro antiparticolato va rigenerato di tanto in tanto.The particulate filter has to be regenerated from time to time.
il piano di risanamento dell’ariathe air quality planNoun (m)C2
Il piano di risanamento dell’aria elenca misure e scadenze.The air quality plan lists measures and deadlines.
l’inventario delle emissionithe emission inventoryNoun (m)C2
L’inventario delle emissioni raccoglie tutte le fonti del territorio.The emission inventory gathers every source in the area.
il composto organico volatilethe volatile organic compoundNoun (m)C2
Il composto organico volatile evapora già a temperatura ambiente.The volatile organic compound evaporates at room temperature already.
l’indice di qualità dell’ariathe air quality indexNoun (m)C2
L’indice di qualità dell’aria riassume più sostanze in un valore solo.The air quality index sums several substances up in a single figure.
l’inquinamento transfrontalierotransboundary pollutionNoun (m)C2
L’inquinamento transfrontaliero non si ferma al confine.Transboundary pollution does not stop at the border.

Noun (f) (15)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la stazione di fondothe background monitoring stationNoun (f)C2
La stazione di fondo misura lontano dalle strade.The background monitoring station measures far from the roads.
la stazione da trafficothe roadside monitoring stationNoun (f)C2
La stazione da traffico sta a pochi passi dalla carreggiata.The roadside monitoring station stands a few steps from the carriageway.
la media annualethe annual meanNoun (f)C2
La media annuale nasconde le giornate peggiori.The annual mean hides the worst days.
l’attribuzione alle fontithe source apportionmentNoun (f)C2
L’attribuzione alle fonti distingue il traffico dal riscaldamento.Source apportionment tells traffic apart from heating.
l’emissione da abrasionethe abrasion emissionNoun (f)C2
L’emissione da abrasione viene dai freni e dalle gomme.Abrasion emissions come from the brakes and the tyres.
la riduzione catalitica selettivaselective catalytic reductionNoun (f)C2
La riduzione catalitica selettiva usa una soluzione di urea.Selective catalytic reduction uses a urea solution.
le emissioni in condizioni reali di guidareal-driving emissionsNoun (f)C2
Le emissioni in condizioni reali di guida superano quelle di laboratorio.Real-driving emissions exceed those of the laboratory.
l’altezza del caminothe stack heightNoun (f)C2
L’altezza del camino sposta il problema, non lo risolve.The stack height moves the problem rather than solving it.
l’emissione diffusathe fugitive emissionNoun (f)C2
L’emissione diffusa esce da porte, tetti e cumuli.Fugitive emissions escape through doors, roofs and heaps.
la migliore tecnica disponibilethe best available techniqueNoun (f)C2
L’autorizzazione richiede la migliore tecnica disponibile.The permit requires the best available technique.
la combustione della legnawood burningNoun (f)C2
La combustione della legna pesa più di quanto si creda.Wood burning counts for more than people think.
l’ammoniaca agricolaagricultural ammoniaNoun (f)C2
L’ammoniaca agricola si trasforma in particolato secondario.Agricultural ammonia turns into secondary particulate matter.
la qualità dell’aria internathe indoor air qualityNoun (f)C2
La qualità dell’aria interna dipende soprattutto dal ricambio.Indoor air quality depends above all on the air change.
la valutazione dell’impatto sanitariothe health impact assessmentNoun (f)C2
La valutazione dell’impatto sanitario traduce le concentrazioni in casi di malattia.The health impact assessment turns concentrations into cases of illness.
la misurazione dei cittadinicitizen measurementNoun (f)C2
La misurazione dei cittadini copre le vie che nessuna centralina raggiunge.Citizen measurement covers the streets that no monitoring station reaches.

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