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B2  ·  50 words

Farming and food in Italian

Growing, harvest, origin, labelling — the words between the field and the label on the shelf.

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From these 50 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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Thirty-ninth on this list is il macello, the slaughterhouse, and away from the trade it is one of the commonest words in spoken Italian for a mess. Che macello is said of a kitchen after a party, a motorway on a Friday or a meeting that went badly; fare un macello is to create chaos, or simply a great deal of noise; un macello di gente is an enormous number of people. The building keeps the same plain word, although the one on a licence is il mattatoio. What makes the entry worth stopping at is that English did exactly the same thing and has forgotten it. A « shambles » was first a bench or stall on which meat was sold, from scamellum, a little stool; then the row of such stalls, which is why several English towns still have a street called « the Shambles »; then the place where the killing was done; then any scene of carnage; and at last, quite recently, whatever is merely a mess. Only one of the two languages still hears where the word has been. Andare al macello has stayed dark in both.

The words

Verb (4)

mietereto reapVerbB2
Mietono prima della pioggia annunciata.They are reaping before the rain that has been forecast.
trasformareto processVerbB2
Il latte viene trasformato in loco.The milk is processed on the spot.

Conjugation of trasformare →

confezionareto packVerbB2
Ogni vasetto è confezionato a mano.Every jar is packed by hand.
coltivareto growVerbB2
Coltivano lo stesso campo da tre generazioni.They have been growing the same field for three generations.

Adjective (1)

Grammar for these: Adjective agreement · Where the adjective stands

sfusoloose (unpackaged)AdjectiveB2
I cereali si vendono sfusi.Cereals are sold loose.

Phrase (5)

spargere il semeto sow the seedPhraseB2
Il seme si sparge in ottobre.The seed is sown in October.
di stagionein seasonPhraseB2
Queste verdure sono di stagione a giugno.These vegetables are in season in June.
proveniente dacoming fromPhraseB2
Il prodotto è proveniente da agricoltura locale.The product comes from local farming.
vendita diretta in aziendasale direct from the farmPhraseB2
La vendita diretta in azienda è il venerdì.Sale direct from the farm is on Fridays.
in serraunder glassPhraseB2
I pomodori crescono in serra fino a maggio.The tomatoes grow under glass until May.

Noun (f) (21)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

l’azienda agricolathe agricultural holdingNoun (f)B2
L’azienda agricola conta quaranta ettari.The agricultural holding covers forty hectares.
la mandriathe herdNoun (f)B2
La mandria scende dall’alpeggio a settembre.The herd comes down from the high pasture in September.
la coltivazionethe cultivationNoun (f)B2
La coltivazione della colza arretra nella zona.Rape cultivation is losing ground in the area.
la resathe yieldNoun (f)B2
La resa è crollata dopo la grandine.The yield collapsed after the hail.
la mietiturathe grain harvestNoun (f)B2
La mietitura è stata anticipata di tre settimane.The grain harvest was brought forward by three weeks.
la sementethe seed stockNoun (f)B2
La semente si conserva da un anno all’altro.The seed stock is kept from one year to the next.
la rotazione delle colturethe crop rotationNoun (f)B2
La rotazione delle colture riduce le malattie.Crop rotation cuts down disease.
l’irrigazionethe irrigationNoun (f)B2
L’irrigazione è limitata d’estate.Irrigation is restricted in summer.
la gelata tardivathe late frostNoun (f)B2
La gelata tardiva ha distrutto la fioritura.The late frost destroyed the blossom.
la vendemmiathe grape harvestNoun (f)B2
La vendemmia qui si fa ancora a mano.The grape harvest is still done by hand here.
la varietàthe varietyNoun (f)B2
Questa varietà resiste meglio al gelo.This variety stands up to frost better.
la cooperativathe cooperativeNoun (f)B2
La cooperativa ritira tutta la produzione.The cooperative takes in the whole crop.
la filiera cortathe short supply chainNoun (f)B2
La filiera corta elimina due intermediari.The short supply chain cuts out two middlemen.
la denominazione di origine protettathe protected designation of originNoun (f)B2
La denominazione di origine protetta tutela un nome e una zona.The protected designation of origin protects a name and an area.
l’agricoltura biologicaorganic farmingNoun (f)B2
L’agricoltura biologica richiede tre anni di conversione.Organic farming calls for three years of conversion.
la rintracciabilità alimentarefood traceabilityNoun (f)B2
La rintracciabilità alimentare risale al lotto.Food traceability goes back as far as the batch.
la data di consumothe use-by dateNoun (f)B2
La data di consumo non si supera.The use-by date is not to be exceeded.
la tabella nutrizionalethe nutrition tableNoun (f)B2
La tabella nutrizionale è riferita a cento grammi.The nutrition table refers to a hundred grams.
la derratathe foodstuff (in trade)Noun (f)B2
Le derrate deperibili viaggiano separate.Perishable foodstuffs travel separately.
la sicurezza alimentarefood securityNoun (f)B2
La sicurezza alimentare dipende anche dalle importazioni.Food security depends on imports as well.
la sovranità alimentarefood sovereigntyNoun (f)B2
La sovranità alimentare torna in ogni dibattito.Food sovereignty comes back in every debate.

Noun (m) (19)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il coltivatorethe farmerNoun (m)B2
Il coltivatore semina appena il terreno si scalda.The farmer sows as soon as the soil warms up.
l’allevamentolivestock farmingNoun (m)B2
L’allevamento all’aperto richiede più superficie.Outdoor livestock farming needs more land.
il pascolothe pastureNoun (m)B2
Il pascolo riposa un anno su tre.The pasture is rested one year in three.
il fertilizzantethe fertiliserNoun (m)B2
Il fertilizzante azotato è diventato carissimo.Nitrogen fertiliser has become terribly expensive.
il fitofarmacothe plant protection productNoun (m)B2
Questo fitofarmaco è vietato da poco.This plant protection product was banned recently.
il maggesethe fallowNoun (m)B2
Il maggese restituisce il terreno dopo due stagioni.The fallow gives the soil back after two seasons.
il fruttetothe orchardNoun (m)B2
Il frutteto è stato reimpiantato con varietà antiche.The orchard has been replanted with old varieties.
il consorzio di tutelathe protection consortiumNoun (m)B2
Il consorzio di tutela controlla il marchio.The protection consortium polices the mark.
il marchio di qualitàthe quality markNoun (m)B2
Il marchio di qualità impone regole precise.The quality mark lays down precise rules.
il disciplinare di produzionethe production specificationNoun (m)B2
Il disciplinare di produzione fissa perfino la densità delle piante.The production specification fixes even the spacing of the plants.
il lotto di produzionethe production batchNoun (m)B2
Il lotto di produzione è stato ritirato dalla vendita.The production batch was withdrawn from sale.
il richiamo del prodottothe product recallNoun (m)B2
Il richiamo del prodotto è stato annunciato la sera stessa.The product recall was announced the same evening.
il termine minimo di conservazionethe best-before dateNoun (m)B2
Il termine minimo di conservazione non è un divieto.The best-before date is not a ban.
l’additivothe additiveNoun (m)B2
Questo additivo compare con un numero.This additive appears under a number.
il conservantethe preservativeNoun (m)B2
Il conservante allunga la durata di vendita.The preservative extends the selling life.
l’allergenethe allergenNoun (m)B2
L’allergene deve comparire in grassetto.The allergen must appear in bold.
lo spreco alimentarefood wasteNoun (m)B2
Lo spreco alimentare comincia in casa.Food waste starts at home.
il macellothe slaughterhouseNoun (m)B2
Il macello più vicino è a cento chilometri.The nearest slaughterhouse is a hundred kilometres away.
il contributo comunitariothe EU subsidyNoun (m)B2
Il contributo comunitario è versato per ettaro.The EU subsidy is paid per hectare.

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