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C2  ·  25 words

Science communication in Italian

How a result finds its way out of the field.

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From these 25 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The fourteenth entry is la spiegazione preventiva, and the English word for it, « prebunking », is the youngest member of a family that began with a place on a map. In 1820 a congressman whose district took in Buncombe County, North Carolina, held the floor with a speech nobody wanted, and explained that he was making it not for the House but « for Buncombe ». The county name became a common noun, then the spelling « bunkum », and then the short « bunk » — talk produced for show, with nothing inside it. In the 1920s « bunk » was given a verb, « to debunk », which is to take the nothing out of something that had been passed off as full. « Prebunking » is that verb moved one step earlier: the trick is shown before it is played, which is exactly what this entry names. Italian has no such family and describes the act instead — sfatare un mitofor the belief already heldsmentire in anticipofor the one still on its way One language kept a county, the other kept a verb.

The words

Noun (f) (16)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la pubblicazione preliminarethe preprintNoun (f)C2
La pubblicazione preliminare esce prima della revisione.The preprint comes out before peer review.
la voce dell’espertothe expert voiceNoun (f)C2
La voce dell’esperto arriva in fondo all’articolo.The expert voice turns up at the end of the article.
la registrazione preventiva dello studiothe preregistration of the studyNoun (f)C2
La registrazione preventiva dello studio fissa le domande prima dei dati.The preregistration of the study fixes the questions before the data.
la rivista predatoriathe predatory journalNoun (f)C2
La rivista predatoria pubblica tutto a pagamento.The predatory journal publishes anything for a fee.
la misura delle citazionithe citation metricNoun (f)C2
La misura delle citazioni premia i campi affollati.The citation metric rewards crowded fields.
la sintesi in linguaggio semplicethe plain-language summaryNoun (f)C2
La sintesi in linguaggio semplice sta accanto al riassunto tecnico.The plain-language summary sits beside the technical abstract.
la falsa parità di trattamentofalse balanceNoun (f)C2
La falsa parità di trattamento mette due voci molto diverse sullo stesso piano.False balance puts two very unequal voices on the same footing.
la comunicazione dell’incertezzathe communication of uncertaintyNoun (f)C2
La comunicazione dell’incertezza non toglie fiducia, la costruisce.The communication of uncertainty does not take trust away, it builds it.
l’informazione erratamisinformationNoun (f)C2
L’informazione errata si diffonde più in fretta della correzione.Misinformation travels faster than the correction.
la spiegazione preventivaprebunkingNoun (f)C2
La spiegazione preventiva mostra il trucco prima che arrivi.Prebunking shows the trick before it arrives.
l’integrità della ricercaresearch integrityNoun (f)C2
L’integrità della ricerca si vede anche nei risultati negativi.Research integrity shows in the negative results as well.
la consulenza scientifica alla politicascientific advice to governmentNoun (f)C2
La consulenza scientifica alla politica dice che cosa si sa e che cosa no.Scientific advice to government says what is known and what is not.
la sintesi delle provethe evidence synthesisNoun (f)C2
La sintesi delle prove pesa molti studi insieme.The evidence synthesis weighs many studies together.
la scelta selettiva dei datithe cherry-picking of dataNoun (f)C2
La scelta selettiva dei dati produce un quadro pulito e falso.The cherry-picking of data produces a tidy, false picture.
la visualizzazione dei datithe data visualisationNoun (f)C2
Una visualizzazione dei dati onesta mostra anche la dispersione.An honest data visualisation shows the spread as well.
la fiducia nella scienzatrust in scienceNoun (f)C2
La fiducia nella scienza cresce con le domande ammesse.Trust in science grows with the questions that are allowed.

Noun (m) (9)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il giornalismo scientificoscience journalismNoun (m)C2
Il giornalismo scientifico spiega anche i limiti di uno studio.Science journalism explains the limits of a study as well.
l’indice di impattothe impact factorNoun (m)C2
L’indice di impatto descrive la rivista, non l’articolo.The impact factor describes the journal, not the article.
l’effetto di inquadramentothe framing effectNoun (m)C2
L’effetto di inquadramento cambia la risposta senza cambiare i numeri.The framing effect changes the answer without changing the numbers.
il dialogo con il pubblicothe dialogue with the publicNoun (m)C2
Il dialogo con il pubblico comincia con l’ascolto.The dialogue with the public begins with listening.
i dati apertiopen dataNoun (m)C2
I dati aperti permettono a un altro gruppo di rifare i conti.Open data let another group redo the sums.
il legame con il finanziatorethe tie to the funderNoun (m)C2
Il legame con il finanziatore va dichiarato per intero.The tie to the funder must be declared in full.
l’ufficio stampathe press officeNoun (m)C2
L’ufficio stampa scrive il comunicato insieme agli autori.The press office writes the release together with the authors.
l’incontro sotto embargothe briefing under embargoNoun (m)C2
L’incontro sotto embargo dà tempo per leggere lo studio.The briefing under embargo gives time to read the study.
il pubblico non specialistathe non-specialist audienceNoun (m)C2
Il pubblico non specialista capisce l’esempio prima della formula.The non-specialist audience understands the example before the formula.

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