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C2  ·  23 words

Social psychology in Italian

What people do because others are there.

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From these 23 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The tenth entry is il paradigma del gruppo minimo, and the middle word has travelled much further in English than in Italian. It is Greek: para, beside, and deigma, a thing shown — a sample set next to another so that the two can be held against each other. That is exactly what the experiment named here does, inventing two groups by lot and then placing them side by side. English kept the word small for centuries. It meant a pattern or an example, and in the classroom it meant one thing only, the table of forms of a verb. Then the historians of science widened it to cover a whole set of assumptions, « a paradigm shift » turned into the phrase every prospectus reaches for, and the classroom sense retreated into linguistics. Italian never let it go. Il paradigma is still what a child recites at school — amare, amo, amai, amato — so the word holds its plainest and its grandest job at the same time, and a reader has to decide from the sentence which one is meant.

The words

Noun (f) (15)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

l’obbedienzaobedienceNoun (f)C2
L’obbedienza cresce quando l’ordine arriva da chi sembra competente.Obedience grows when the order comes from somebody who seems competent.
la diffusione della responsabilitàthe diffusion of responsibilityNoun (f)C2
La diffusione della responsabilità lascia il compito a nessuno.With the diffusion of responsibility, the task is left to nobody.
l’inerzia socialesocial loafingNoun (f)C2
L’inerzia sociale si vede quando lo sforzo del singolo non è visibile.Social loafing shows up when the effort of the individual is not visible.
la facilitazione socialesocial facilitationNoun (f)C2
La facilitazione sociale migliora i compiti già padroneggiati.Social facilitation improves tasks that are already mastered.
la polarizzazione di gruppogroup polarisationNoun (f)C2
La polarizzazione di gruppo spinge la discussione verso la tendenza iniziale.Group polarisation pushes the discussion towards its initial leaning.
l’omogeneità del gruppo esternothe outgroup homogeneityNoun (f)C2
L’omogeneità del gruppo esterno fa sembrare gli altri tutti uguali.Outgroup homogeneity makes the others all look alike.
l’identità socialethe social identityNoun (f)C2
L’identità sociale lega l’immagine di sé a quella del gruppo.The social identity ties the image of oneself to that of the group.
l’ipotesi del contattothe contact hypothesisNoun (f)C2
L’ipotesi del contatto vale a certe condizioni e non sempre.The contact hypothesis holds under certain conditions and not always.
la distorsione a favore di séthe self-serving biasNoun (f)C2
La distorsione a favore di sé attribuisce il successo a sé e l’insuccesso al caso.The self-serving bias credits success to oneself and failure to chance.
la dissonanza cognitivacognitive dissonanceNoun (f)C2
La dissonanza cognitiva si scioglie cambiando l’opinione invece del gesto.Cognitive dissonance dissolves by changing the opinion instead of the deed.
l’ignoranza pluralisticapluralistic ignoranceNoun (f)C2
Nell’ignoranza pluralistica ognuno tace credendo di essere il solo a dubitare.Under pluralistic ignorance everybody keeps quiet, believing to be the only one who doubts.
la persuasionepersuasionNoun (f)C2
La persuasione passa per la via centrale o per quella periferica.Persuasion travels by the central route or by the peripheral one.
l’elaborazione del messaggiothe elaboration of the messageNoun (f)C2
L’elaborazione del messaggio dipende da quanto interessa il tema.The elaboration of the message depends on how far the subject interests the reader.
la deindividuazionedeindividuationNoun (f)C2
La deindividuazione toglie il nome e con esso il freno.Deindividuation takes away the name and with it the restraint.
la crisi della replicabilitàthe replication crisisNoun (f)C2
La crisi della replicabilità ha rimesso in discussione esperimenti classici.The replication crisis has called classic experiments back into question.

Noun (m) (8)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

l’effetto spettatorethe bystander effectNoun (m)C2
L’effetto spettatore aumenta con il numero dei presenti.The bystander effect increases with the number of people present.
il pensiero di gruppogroupthinkNoun (m)C2
Il pensiero di gruppo scambia l’accordo per verità.Groupthink mistakes agreement for truth.
il gruppo di appartenenzathe ingroupNoun (m)C2
Il gruppo di appartenenza riceve il giudizio più benevolo.The ingroup receives the most benevolent judgement.
il paradigma del gruppo minimothe minimal group paradigmNoun (m)C2
Nel paradigma del gruppo minimo basta un sorteggio a creare due parti.In the minimal group paradigm a draw is enough to create two sides.
l’errore fondamentale di attribuzionethe fundamental attribution errorNoun (m)C2
L’errore fondamentale di attribuzione vede il carattere dove agisce la situazione.The fundamental attribution error sees character where the situation is at work.
il piede nella portathe foot in the doorNoun (m)C2
Il piede nella porta comincia con una richiesta minima.The foot in the door starts with a tiny request.
il confronto socialethe social comparisonNoun (m)C2
Il confronto sociale misura sé stessi su chi sta accanto.The social comparison measures oneself against whoever stands alongside.
il riscontro sulla norma socialethe social norm feedbackNoun (m)C2
Il riscontro sulla norma sociale mostra a ciascuno che cosa fanno gli altri.The social norm feedback shows everybody what the others are doing.

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