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C2  ·  25 words

The history of medicine in Italian

How an art turned into a discipline.

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From these 25 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

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The fourteenth entry is il registro dei morti, and the noun that opens it is one English shares — right up to the moment somebody is named after it. Il registro is the book in which things are written down, exactly as our « register » is: a parish register, a register of deaths, a register of shipping. Italian calls the person who keeps it l’ufficiale dello stato civile and the office itself l’anagrafe, so the noun stays with the book. English built « registrar » instead, and that word now leads two lives with nothing in common. At the register office a registrar records births, marriages and deaths, which is what the form of the word promises. In a British hospital a registrar is a doctor: a trainee well past the early years, above the house officer and below the consultant, the one who is called at night. No book is involved anywhere. A sentence about the registrar on the ward is therefore about a colleague, and il registro has nothing to do with it.

The words

Noun (f) (14)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la teoria degli umorithe theory of the humoursNoun (f)C2
La teoria degli umori spiegava ogni malattia con un equilibrio.The theory of the humours explained every illness by a balance.
la teoria dei germithe germ theoryNoun (f)C2
La teoria dei germi cambiò per prima la sala operatoria.The germ theory changed the operating room first of all.
l’antisepsiantisepsisNoun (f)C2
L’antisepsi uccide i germi già presenti.Antisepsis kills the germs that are already there.
l’asepsiasepsisNoun (f)C2
L’asepsi impedisce che i germi arrivino.Asepsis stops the germs from getting there at all.
la febbre puerperalethe childbed feverNoun (f)C2
La febbre puerperale colpiva soprattutto in ospedale.Childbed fever struck above all in hospital.
l’auscultazioneauscultationNoun (f)C2
L’auscultazione nacque con un tubo di legno.Auscultation began with a wooden tube.
la variolizzazionevariolationNoun (f)C2
La variolizzazione precede di molto il vaccino.Variolation comes long before the vaccine.
la narcosithe general anaesthesiaNoun (f)C2
La narcosi rese possibili operazioni più lunghe.General anaesthesia made longer operations possible.
la nosologianosologyNoun (f)C2
La nosologia ordina le malattie come una botanica.Nosology orders diseases the way a botany does.
la materia medicathe materia medicaNoun (f)C2
La materia medica elencava piante, minerali e animali.The materia medica listed plants, minerals and animals.
l’abilitazione all’eserciziothe licence to practiseNoun (f)C2
L’abilitazione all’esercizio separò i medici dai guaritori.The licence to practise separated the doctors from the healers.
la batteriologiabacteriologyNoun (f)C2
La batteriologia diede un nome a nemici invisibili.Bacteriology gave invisible enemies a name.
l’epidemiologiaepidemiologyNoun (f)C2
L’epidemiologia comincia con una mappa e una domanda.Epidemiology begins with a map and a question.
la quarantena marittimathe maritime quarantineNoun (f)C2
La quarantena marittima tratteneva le navi nel porto.The maritime quarantine held the ships in the port.

Noun (m) (11)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il salassothe bloodlettingNoun (m)C2
Il salasso era il rimedio per quasi tutto.Bloodletting was the remedy for almost everything.
il miasmathe miasmaNoun (m)C2
Si credeva che il miasma salisse dalle paludi.The miasma was believed to rise from the marshes.
il teatro anatomicothe anatomy theatreNoun (m)C2
Il teatro anatomico aveva gradinate ripide.The anatomy theatre had steep tiers.
l’insegnamento al letto del malatothe teaching at the patient’s bedsideNoun (m)C2
L’insegnamento al letto del malato sostituì il commento al libro.Teaching at the patient’s bedside replaced the commentary on the book.
il lazzarettothe lazarettoNoun (m)C2
Il lazzaretto sorgeva fuori dalle mura.The lazaretto stood outside the walls.
il movimento igienistathe hygienist movementNoun (m)C2
Il movimento igienista chiedeva fogne prima che farmaci.The hygienist movement asked for sewers before medicines.
il registro dei mortithe register of deathsNoun (m)C2
Il registro dei morti è la prima statistica sanitaria.The register of deaths is the first health statistic.
l’empirismoempiricismNoun (m)C2
L’empirismo si fidava dell’osservazione più che del sistema.Empiricism trusted observation more than it trusted the system.
lo spezialethe apothecaryNoun (m)C2
Lo speziale pesava le polveri nella sua bottega.The apothecary weighed the powders in his shop.
il barbiere chirurgothe barber-surgeonNoun (m)C2
Il barbiere chirurgo radeva e operava con lo stesso ferro.The barber-surgeon shaved and operated with the same blade.
il trattamento simulatothe sham treatmentNoun (m)C2
Il trattamento simulato serve al confronto.The sham treatment is there for the sake of comparison.

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