Skip to content
EveryLingua All languagesDictionary
EN

C2  ·  31 words

Lexicography in Italian

How a dictionary is made, and what it cannot say.

Practise this list

From these 31 words, as many per round as you like — up to all of them: first what is due today, then new ones. First you choose, then you fill the gap, then you write it yourself. Mistakes come back again shortly.

More about this list

The nineteenth entry is la lemmatizzazione, and it is worth more to an English reader as a warning about grammar than as a term of the trade. Lemmatising means choosing which single form of a word stands at the head of an entry and sending every other form to it. In English that decision costs the reader almost nothing: nouns take « -s », verbs have four or five shapes at most, and somebody who meets « walked » finds « walk » by dropping two letters. Italian asks for the work to be done before the dictionary is opened. A verb is entered under the infinitive, so vado, andrò and vada all belong to andare, and two of the three do not even start with the same letter. An adjective is entered under the masculine singular, so belle is found under bello. A noun is entered in the singular, so le uova hides under l’uovo. The page can only reward a reader who has already guessed the lemma, and that guess is grammar rather than lexicography: it has to be learnt somewhere else first.

The words

Adjective (1)

Grammar for these: Adjective agreement · Where the adjective stands

antiquatooutdatedAdjectiveC2
Il termine è ormai antiquato e resta solo nei testi vecchi.The term is outdated by now and survives only in old texts.

Noun (f) (19)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

la struttura della vocethe structure of the entryNoun (f)C2
La struttura della voce è uguale dalla prima all’ultima pagina.The structure of the entry is the same from the first page to the last.
la suddivisione dei significatithe division into sensesNoun (f)C2
La suddivisione dei significati è la parte più discussa del lavoro.The division into senses is the most argued-over part of the work.
l’omonimiahomonymyNoun (f)C2
L’omonimia obbliga a due voci separate.Homonymy forces two separate entries.
la definizione circolarethe circular definitionNoun (f)C2
Una definizione circolare rimanda alla parola che dovrebbe spiegare.A circular definition sends the reader back to the word it was meant to explain.
l’indicazione d’usothe usage noteNoun (f)C2
L’indicazione d’uso avverte che la parola suona familiare.The usage note warns that the word sounds informal.
la marca di registrothe register labelNoun (f)C2
La marca di registro dice dove la parola non sta bene.The register label says where the word does not belong.
la citazione d’usothe citationNoun (f)C2
Ogni citazione d’uso porta con sé la sua fonte.Every citation carries its source with it.
la frase di esempiothe example sentenceNoun (f)C2
La frase di esempio mostra la parola al lavoro.The example sentence shows the word at work.
l’etimologiathe etymologyNoun (f)C2
L’etimologia non spiega che cosa la parola significhi oggi.The etymology does not explain what the word means today.
l’etimologia popolarethe folk etymologyNoun (f)C2
L’etimologia popolare è una spiegazione bella e falsa.A folk etymology is a fine explanation and a false one.
la prima attestazionethe first attestationNoun (f)C2
La prima attestazione sposta la data di nascita della parola.A first attestation moves the word’s date of birth.
la norma redazionalethe house rule for editorsNoun (f)C2
La norma redazionale tiene uguali le voci scritte da persone diverse.The house rule keeps entries written by different people alike.
la lemmatizzazionelemmatisationNoun (f)C2
La lemmatizzazione riporta ogni forma alla sua voce.Lemmatisation takes every form back to its entry.
la tavola di flessionethe inflection tableNoun (f)C2
La tavola di flessione sta in fondo alla voce.The inflection table sits at the end of the entry.
la guida alla pronunciathe pronunciation guideNoun (f)C2
La guida alla pronuncia usa segni, non altre parole.The pronunciation guide uses signs, not other words.
la decisione di esclusionethe decision to leave a word outNoun (f)C2
La decisione di esclusione non lascia traccia nella pagina.The decision to leave a word out leaves no trace on the page.
l’espressione offensivathe offensive expressionNoun (f)C2
L’espressione offensiva viene registrata e marcata come tale.An offensive expression is recorded and labelled as such.
la variante regionalethe regional variantNoun (f)C2
La variante regionale non è un errore.A regional variant is not a mistake.
l’edizione digitalethe digital editionNoun (f)C2
L’edizione digitale può correggere una voce in un giorno.The digital edition can correct an entry in a day.

Noun (m) (11)

Grammar for these: Definite article: il, lo, la · Indefinite article: un, uno

il lessico di definizionethe defining vocabularyNoun (m)C2
Il lessico di definizione resta volutamente piccolo.The defining vocabulary is deliberately kept small.
l’esempio autenticothe authentic exampleNoun (m)C2
L’esempio autentico viene da un testo già scritto.The authentic example comes from a text that was already written.
il neologismothe neologismNoun (m)C2
Il neologismo entra nel dizionario quando smette di essere raro.A neologism gets into the dictionary when it stops being rare.
l’approccio descrittivothe descriptive approachNoun (m)C2
L’approccio descrittivo registra l’uso senza giudicarlo.The descriptive approach records usage without passing judgement on it.
l’approccio normativothe prescriptive approachNoun (m)C2
L’approccio normativo dice quale forma vale come corretta.The prescriptive approach says which form counts as correct.
il dizionario bilinguethe bilingual dictionaryNoun (m)C2
Il dizionario bilingue non spiega, mette a confronto.The bilingual dictionary does not explain, it sets side by side.
il traducentethe translation equivalentNoun (m)C2
Il traducente proposto vale solo per quel significato.The translation equivalent offered holds only for that one sense.
il dizionario per apprendentithe learner’s dictionaryNoun (m)C2
Il dizionario per apprendenti spiega con parole che il lettore ha già.The learner’s dictionary explains with words the reader already has.
il ciclo di revisionethe revision cycleNoun (m)C2
Il ciclo di revisione dura anni per una lettera sola.The revision cycle takes years for a single letter.
il comportamento di ricercathe search behaviourNoun (m)C2
Il comportamento di ricerca mostra quali parole mancano.Search behaviour shows which words are missing.
il diritto d’autore sul dizionariothe copyright in the dictionaryNoun (m)C2
Il diritto d’autore sul dizionario protegge la scelta e l’ordine delle voci.Copyright in a dictionary protects the choice of entries and their order.

Back to the quiz ↑

Missing a word? Look it up in the dictionary

This list belongs to Language and expression — 22 lists and 872 words that can also be practised as a whole.

Hear and recognise these words in the listening trainer